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Heterogeneity Across 32 Medical Disciplines

Analysis reveals substantial heterogeneity in gender representation across disciplines. Obstetrics & Gynaecology leads with 48.8% female last authors, while Orthopaedics & Traumatology shows the widest gap with only 26.5%.

% Female last authors by discipline (2024)

Select LLM model Year

Methodology & formula

What it shows: M/F distribution for each of 32 medical disciplines in the selected year. Disciplines come from the mesh_terms.semplificato column, where each MeSH term was mapped to a medical specialty via DeepSeek v3. An article can belong to multiple disciplines (via multiple MeSH terms), and each author is counted in every discipline of their article.
Formula: % F = COUNT(gender='f') / (COUNT(gender='f') + COUNT(gender='m')) × 100

SELECT mt.semplificato, py.year, aa."gender", COUNT(*) FROM article_authors aa JOIN pmid_year py ON aa.pmid = py.pmid JOIN mesh_terms mt ON aa.pmid = mt.pmid WHERE aa."gender" IN ('m','f') AND mt.semplificato IS NOT NULL GROUP BY mt.semplificato, py.year, aa."gender"

Heterogeneity Across 32 Medical Disciplines — Percentage

Position

Discipline	% Female	Female	Male	Total